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[Mirror] Zk-SNARKs: Under the Hood

Time Stamp: February 2, 2024 11:10 AM - Modified On: February 2, 2024 - Published By:

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Vitalik Buterin via the Vitalik Buterin Blog This is a mirror of the post at https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/zk-snarks-under-the-hood-b33151a013f6 This is the third part of a series of articles explaining how the technology behind zk-SNARKs works; the previous articles on quadratic arithmetic programs and elliptic curve pairings are required reading, and this article will assume knowledge of both concepts. Basic knowledge of what zk-SNARKs are and what they do is also assumed. See also Christian Reitwiessner's article here for another technical introduction. In the previous articles, we introduced the quadratic arithmetic program, a

[Mirror] Exploring Elliptic Curve Pairings

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Time Stamp: February 2, 2024 11:01 AM - Modified On: February 2, 2024 - Published By:

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Republished By Plato

Vitalik Buterin via the Vitalik Buterin Blog This is a mirror of the post at https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/exploring-elliptic-curve-pairings-c73c1864e627 Trigger warning: math. One of the key cryptographic primitives behind various constructions, including deterministic threshold signatures, zk-SNARKs and other simpler forms of zero-knowledge proofs is the elliptic curve pairing. Elliptic curve pairings (or "bilinear maps") are a recent addition to a 30-year-long history of using elliptic curves for cryptographic applications including encryption and digital signatures; pairings introduce a form of "encrypted multiplication", greatly expanding what elliptic curve-based protocols can do. The purpose of this

[Mirror] Quadratic Arithmetic Programs: from Zero to Hero

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Time Stamp: February 2, 2024 10:41 AM - Modified On: February 2, 2024 - Published By:

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Republished By Plato

Vitalik Buterin via the Vitalik Buterin Blog This is a mirror of the post at https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/quadratic-arithmetic-programs-from-zero-to-hero-f6d558cea649 There has been a lot of interest lately in the technology behind zk-SNARKs, and people are increasingly trying to demystify something that many have come to call "moon math" due to its perceived sheer indecipherable complexity. zk-SNARKs are indeed quite challenging to grasp, especially due to the sheer number of moving parts that need to come together for the whole thing to work, but if we break the technology down piece by piece then

First Mover Asia: Bitcoin Drifts Lower After Taproot Upgrade; Ether Drops

Source Node: https://www.bitcoinnewsminer.com/first-mover-asia-bitcoin-drifts-lower-after-taproot-upgrade-ether-drops/

Time Stamp: November 15, 2021 4:38 AM - Modified On: November 15, 2021 - Published By:

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Republished By Plato

Good morning, Here’s what’s happening this morning: Market Moves: Bitcoin’s highly anticipated Taproot upgrade fails to produce any noticeable price pop. Technician’s take: Short-term upside appears to be limited given the loss of positive momentum. Catch the latest episodes of CoinDesk TV for insightful interviews with crypto industry leaders and analysis. Prices Bitcoin (BTC): $64,514 +0.4% Ether (ETH): $4,562 -1.7% Market moves Bitcoin was trading flat after Taproot, the blockchain’s biggest network upgrade in four years, went live. The upgrade, which took effect at 5:15 coordinated universal time (1:15 a.m.

0Chain Review (ZCN): Blockchain Based Cloud Storage

Source Node: https://www.coinbureau.com/review/0chain-zcn/

Time Stamp: December 24, 2020 3:16 PM - Modified On: May 21, 2021 - Published By:

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Republished By Plato

0Chain, pronounced “zero chain” is a fast, scalable, permissionless blockchain that functions as a data storage network that’s focused on data privacy and data protection. One interesting twist in 0Chain is that unlike other data storage platforms it does not store the data on the blockchain.This, along with the way 0Chain splits up the workload for storing blocks and reaching consensus yields a lightweight network with faster transaction speeds. If this all sounds interesting you can watch our video that goes into more depth, or simply dig in below as

Secret Network (SCRT) Review: Privacy Meets Compliance

Source Node: https://www.coinbureau.com/review/secret-network-scrt/

Time Stamp: December 20, 2020 10:34 AM - Modified On: May 21, 2021 - Published By:

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Republished By Plato

Since its creation, cryptocurrency has had a difficult task: balancing transparency and privacy. Once upon a time this balancing act was easy – transactions were publicly viewable but the people behind the addresses making those transactions were anonymous.Today, there are dozens of firms which specialize in analyzing these transactions. Some governments are even on the cusp of making it mandatory to tie your personal identity to your crypto wallet. This degree of regulatory overreach has been rightfully seen as unacceptable by many in the crypto space.However, the fact of the

What is Ferrum Network? A Guide to High-speed DeFi

Source Node: https://www.asiacryptotoday.com/ferrum-network-frm/

Time Stamp: August 14, 2020 2:53 AM - Modified On: May 21, 2021 - Published By:

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Republished By Plato

Decentralized finance has risen to become one of the foremost active sectors in the crypto space. With the establishment of decentralized ecosystems with global network effects and interoperability, they have successfully penetrated the fintech industry. One very interesting DeFi project is Ferrum Network. Ferrum’s revolutionary technology brings networks together, for a consistently high-speed and low-cost transaction experience for each digital asset. It aims to overcome current problems in cryptocurrency usage in real-world finance applications. Table of Contents Background Founder Naiem Yeganeh, along with Co-Founder and COO Ian Friend, laid the

[Mirror] Zk-SNARKs: Under the Hood

First Mover Asia: Bitcoin Drifts Lower After Taproot Upgrade; Ether Drops

What is Ferrum Network? A Guide to High-speed DeFi

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