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[Mirror] Zk-SNARKs: Under the Hood

Time Stamp: February 2, 2024 11:10 AM - Modified On: February 2, 2024 - Published By:

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Vitalik Buterin via the Vitalik Buterin Blog This is a mirror of the post at https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/zk-snarks-under-the-hood-b33151a013f6 This is the third part of a series of articles explaining how the technology behind zk-SNARKs works; the previous articles on quadratic arithmetic programs and elliptic curve pairings are required reading, and this article will assume knowledge of both concepts. Basic knowledge of what zk-SNARKs are and what they do is also assumed. See also Christian Reitwiessner's article here for another technical introduction. In the previous articles, we introduced the quadratic arithmetic program, a

[Mirror] Quadratic Arithmetic Programs: from Zero to Hero

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Time Stamp: February 2, 2024 10:41 AM - Modified On: February 2, 2024 - Published By:

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Republished By Plato

Vitalik Buterin via the Vitalik Buterin Blog This is a mirror of the post at https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/quadratic-arithmetic-programs-from-zero-to-hero-f6d558cea649 There has been a lot of interest lately in the technology behind zk-SNARKs, and people are increasingly trying to demystify something that many have come to call "moon math" due to its perceived sheer indecipherable complexity. zk-SNARKs are indeed quite challenging to grasp, especially due to the sheer number of moving parts that need to come together for the whole thing to work, but if we break the technology down piece by piece then

Coya Therapeutics Reports Additional Biomarker and Imaging Data Showing Decrease in Neuroinflammation with COYA 301 in Alzheimer’s Disease.

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Time Stamp: June 7, 2023 12:21 PM - Modified On: June 7, 2023 - Published By:

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Highlights Coya reports new data illustrating that administration of COYA 301 (low dose Interleukin-2 (IL-2)) in an open- label study in 8 patients with mild to moderate AD (COYA 301 Trial) resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the expression of three well characterized proinflammatory cytokines -- Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and Interleukin 1- Beta (IL-1β) -- which correlated with lack of cognitive decline of the patients over the course of the study. TNF-α is one of the main inflammatory cytokines involved in initiating and propagating

Germany Is Quietly Becoming the World’s Crypto Superpower

Source Node: https://beincrypto.com/germany-is-quietly-becoming-the-worlds-crypto-superpower/

Time Stamp: August 16, 2020 9:20 AM - Modified On: May 21, 2021 - Published By:

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Republished By Plato

Germany’s Finance Ministry has drafted a bill that will update its legal framework regarding securities. The bill specifically targets tokenized securities and will bring digital assets closer to traditional financial instruments. After years following the developments of cryptocurrency, German regulators are taking a proactive approach, placing Germany at the front of the race for legalizing digital crypto money. What’s Going On In Germany? The German Finance Ministry issued a hugely important press release on Aug 11. Regulators are drafting a bill that will cover the issuance of tokenized securities as

Here’s Why One Analyst Expects Ethereum to Tap $275 Before Pushing Any Higher

Source Node: https://bitcoinist.com/heres-why-one-analyst-expects-ethereum-to-tap-275-before-pushing-any-higher/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=heres-why-one-analyst-expects-ethereum-to-tap-275-before-pushing-any-higher

Time Stamp: August 6, 2020 4:00 PM - Modified On: May 21, 2021 - Published By:

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Ethereum has been struggling to break above $400 for the past several days The selling pressure here is quite significant, and a sustained break above this level would be a highly bullish technical development Because ETH has been consolidating just below it throughout the past few days, bulls may be gearing up for a major push higher Despite being technically strong, one analyst is still expecting the cryptocurrency to see another “scam wick” that leads it into the upper-$200 region He believes this will be necessary for trapping more shorts

Grandmas On Lightning

Source Node: https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/grandmas-on-lightning?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=grandmas-on-lightning

Time Stamp: August 6, 2020 1:33 PM - Modified On: May 21, 2021 - Published By:

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Republished By Plato

Is Bitcoin Too Hard To Understand? I’ve spent a huge part of the last three years explaining Bitcoin to general audiences and the most common form of resistance I encounter is: “Bitcoin is too complicated. The masses will never understand it.” It’s a fair argument. Bitcoin is complicated and if you want to reach a competent understanding of the big picture then, at a minimum, you’d better get ready to learn about peer-to-peer networks, cryptography and the history of money. It’s for this reason that I find it bizarre when

These Factors Suggest Bitcoin Could Hit $13,900 if Bulls Defend One Key Level

Source Node: https://bitcoinist.com/these-factors-suggest-bitcoin-could-hit-13000-if-bulls-defend-one-key-level/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=these-factors-suggest-bitcoin-could-hit-13000-if-bulls-defend-one-key-level

Time Stamp: August 5, 2020 7:00 PM - Modified On: May 21, 2021 - Published By:

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Bitcoin’s consolidation phase within the lower-$11,000 region has resulted in a powerful push up towards $12,000 Although the crypto has yet to re-test this level, it does seem as though a movement to this level could be imminent in the near-term Multiple analysts are now offering bullish outlooks on BTC in the near-term One such trader is noting that a move up towards $13,000 could be brewing in the days and weeks ahead There are a plethora of different technical factors that could help this rally come to fruition Bitcoin

The Bitcoin Giveaway Twitter Scam Caused By A Phone Spear-Phishing Attack

Source Node: https://cryptopotato.com/bitcoin-giveaway-twitter-scam-caused-by-a-phone-spear-phishing-attack/

Time Stamp: August 1, 2020 7:11 AM - Modified On: May 21, 2021 - Published By:

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After the infamous Twitter hack in mid-July, the social media giant has published a new update on its investigation, informing that the perpetrators successfully targeted a small number of employees through a phone spear-phishing attack.Phishing Attack Caused The Twitter HackFollowing the blatant attack on its network, Twitter has been quite transparent in its investigations, at least according to the regular updates the company shares. In the latest one, the social media platform outlined again that the law enforcement investigation continues, and they managed to discover the source of the initial

[Mirror] Zk-SNARKs: Under the Hood

Germany Is Quietly Becoming the World’s Crypto Superpower

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