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[Mirror] Zk-SNARKs: Under the Hood

Time Stamp: February 2, 2024 11:10 AM - Modified On: February 2, 2024 - Published By:

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Vitalik Buterin via the Vitalik Buterin Blog This is a mirror of the post at https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/zk-snarks-under-the-hood-b33151a013f6 This is the third part of a series of articles explaining how the technology behind zk-SNARKs works; the previous articles on quadratic arithmetic programs and elliptic curve pairings are required reading, and this article will assume knowledge of both concepts. Basic knowledge of what zk-SNARKs are and what they do is also assumed. See also Christian Reitwiessner's article here for another technical introduction. In the previous articles, we introduced the quadratic arithmetic program, a

[Mirror] Exploring Elliptic Curve Pairings

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Time Stamp: February 2, 2024 11:01 AM - Modified On: February 2, 2024 - Published By:

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Vitalik Buterin via the Vitalik Buterin Blog This is a mirror of the post at https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/exploring-elliptic-curve-pairings-c73c1864e627 Trigger warning: math. One of the key cryptographic primitives behind various constructions, including deterministic threshold signatures, zk-SNARKs and other simpler forms of zero-knowledge proofs is the elliptic curve pairing. Elliptic curve pairings (or "bilinear maps") are a recent addition to a 30-year-long history of using elliptic curves for cryptographic applications including encryption and digital signatures; pairings introduce a form of "encrypted multiplication", greatly expanding what elliptic curve-based protocols can do. The purpose of this

[Mirror] A Proof of Stake Design Philosophy

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Time Stamp: February 2, 2024 10:55 AM - Modified On: February 2, 2024 - Published By:

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Vitalik Buterin via the Vitalik Buterin Blog This is a mirror of the post at https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/a-proof-of-stake-design-philosophy-506585978d51 Systems like Ethereum (and Bitcoin, and NXT, and Bitshares, etc) are a fundamentally new class of cryptoeconomic organisms — decentralized, jurisdictionless entities that exist entirely in cyberspace, maintained by a combination of cryptography, economics and social consensus. They are kind of like BitTorrent, but they are also not like BitTorrent, as BitTorrent has no concept of state — a distinction that turns out to be crucially important. They are sometimes described as decentralized autonomous

[Mirror] Quadratic Arithmetic Programs: from Zero to Hero

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Time Stamp: February 2, 2024 10:41 AM - Modified On: February 2, 2024 - Published By:

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Vitalik Buterin via the Vitalik Buterin Blog This is a mirror of the post at https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/quadratic-arithmetic-programs-from-zero-to-hero-f6d558cea649 There has been a lot of interest lately in the technology behind zk-SNARKs, and people are increasingly trying to demystify something that many have come to call "moon math" due to its perceived sheer indecipherable complexity. zk-SNARKs are indeed quite challenging to grasp, especially due to the sheer number of moving parts that need to come together for the whole thing to work, but if we break the technology down piece by piece then

The promise and challenges of crypto + AI applications

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Time Stamp: January 31, 2024 4:49 AM - Modified On: January 31, 2024 - Published By:

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Author: Vitalik Buterin via the Vitalik Buterin Blog Special thanks to the Worldcoin and Modulus Labs teams, Xinyuan Sun, Martin Koeppelmann and Illia Polosukhin for feedback and discussion. Many people over the years have asked me a similar question: what are the intersections between crypto and AI that I consider to be the most fruitful? It's a reasonable question: crypto and AI are the two main deep (software) technology trends of the past decade, and it just feels like there must be some kind of connection between the two. It's

Welcome Renal Warriors

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Time Stamp: September 11, 2023 7:58 AM - Modified On: September 11, 2023 - Published By:

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I am a 68 year old man born in Brooklyn, New York and living for decades in Ithaca, NY. I also have 10 years each with homes in @San Ramon, Costa Rica and @Austin, Texas. My present and future dreams are in #Africa and I am setting up a base in @CapeTown, South Africa. #notmytimetodie #supportmymiracle #childofimmigrants #latebloomer. I was told a year ago that I would certainly die if I did not have not follow the standard treatment of care. I rejected both dialysis and a transplant and am

AI Giants Pledge to Watermark

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Time Stamp: July 29, 2023 1:55 PM - Modified On: July 29, 2023 - Published By:

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Seven AI tech giants – OpenAI, Microsoft, Google, Meta, Amazon, Anthropic, and Inflection – have committed to watermarking AI-generated content. The goal is to label the provenance of AI-generated text, video, audio, and images, thereby reducing the risk of misleading users about the content’s origins. As Google’s blog aptly puts it, “None of us can get AI right on our own.” Deepfakes have been used in many controversial ways, like creating viral fake images or scamming people out of large sums of money. The proposed watermark, embedded in the content,

Renowned Physician-Pharmacist Dr. Anita Gupta joins Erez Capital, Bringing Healthcare Innovation Expertise on Board.

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Time Stamp: July 26, 2023 2:17 PM - Modified On: July 26, 2023 - Published By:

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Boston, MA, July 26th, 2023-- Erez Capital is proud to announce the addition of Dr. Anita Gupta to its esteemed team of Venture Partners. Dr. Gupta, a global leader in healthcare innovation, is renowned for her ground-breaking contributions to the medical field and her exceptional expertise in anesthesiology and pain management. With an illustrious career and a portfolio of remarkable accomplishments, Dr. Anita Gupta has made a significant impact on healthcare innovation and patient advocacy. As a World Economic Forum Member Expert, she has been recognized as one of the

FAMED PHOTOGRAPHER DAVID CHRISTOPHER LEE TO GIVE AWAY NFTS OF ICONIC PHOTOS OVER THE MONTH OF JUNE

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Time Stamp: June 8, 2023 7:24 AM - Modified On: June 8, 2023 - Published By:

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One of the NFT Giveaways Will be a Photography Portrait of Kim Kardashian Los Angeles, June 8th, 2023 - Celebrity photographer David Christopher Lee announced giveaways of several iconic photos turned NFTs over the month of June - including one of Kim Kardashian. This NFT giveaway is part of the launch of Illuminate Art, an executive talent management service for experienced artists who understand the significance of having a digital presence and virtual community. “Increasing access to art and finding innovative ways to engage with a virtual community were driving

David Christopher Lee To Sell NFT Celebrity Portraits of Snoop Dogg and Lady Gaga, Which Will Be Linked to Exclusive Interactive Opportunities

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Time Stamp: June 1, 2023 5:41 AM - Modified On: June 1, 2023 - Published By:

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Lee’s Celebrity Portraits Will Kick Off the Launch of Illuminate, A Digital NFT Agency and Platform for Experienced Artists June 1st, Los Angeles - Renowned photographer David Christopher Lee announced the sale of celebrity portraits of Lady Gaga and Snoop Dogg as digital collectibles on the newly launched Illuminate.art. Collectors will be able to purchase these NFTs on June 1st through Illuminate.art’s user-friendly platform, which accepts credit card or cryptocurrency. Throughout the month of June, David Christopher Lee will be partnering with Illuminate.art to sell other celebrity portraits as NFTs.

Press Release: TP ICAP announces first live trade through Fusion Digital Assets with GMEX trading and post-trade technology

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Time Stamp: May 24, 2023 8:36 AM - Modified On: May 24, 2023 - Published By:

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Fusion Digital Assets – TP ICAP’s wholesale marketplace for spot cryptoassets – is now live and has successfully completed its first XBTUSD pairs trade with the associated settlement processed by Fidelity Digital Assets℠ London, New York, 24 May 2023: GMEX Technologies (“GMEX”), a subsidiary of GMEX Group, a leader in digital business and technology solutions for capital markets players, exchanges and post-trade market infrastructure, today announced that TP ICAP, the world’s largest interdealer broker, has gone live with its Fusion Digital Assets wholesale cryptoasset exchange, powered by GMEX trading and post trade technology.

Beyond the Dollar

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Time Stamp: April 27, 2023 6:35 AM - Modified On: April 27, 2023 - Published By:

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The global economy is at a crossroads with the US dollar’s future as the world reserve currency facing fresh challenges. For decades, the stability and dominance of the dollar have given the United States significant advantages in global trade, investment, and geopolitical influence. However, as emerging economies like China and India rise in prominence, their currencies are gaining traction in international transactions, challenging the dollar’s hegemony. China, in particular, has been busy over the past few months, actively promoting the Yuan and seeking to challenge US dominance in the global

[Mirror] Zk-SNARKs: Under the Hood

Renowned Physician-Pharmacist Dr. Anita Gupta joins Erez Capital, Bringing Healthcare Innovation Expertise on Board.

FAMED PHOTOGRAPHER DAVID CHRISTOPHER LEE TO GIVE AWAY NFTS OF ICONIC PHOTOS OVER THE MONTH OF JUNE

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