High blood pressure — often called the silent killer because many people who have it typically do not experience symptoms — is a serious condition that can cause many other health problems and even lead to death.
High blood pressure is linked to higher risks of many health conditions, including:
The CDC estimates that about half of the adults in the United States have high blood pressure. Even worse, only about 1 in 4 of those have it under control.
And in 2018, close to half a million deaths in the US included hypertension as the main cause or a contributor.
There are two types of high blood pressure: primary or essential hypertension and secondary hypertension.
Primary hypertension, which affects most adults, has no identifiable cause and usually develops gradually over time.
Secondary hypertension appears suddenly and causes higher blood pressure than primary. It is caused by underlying conditions, such as:
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Lack of physical activity
- Too much alcohol consumption
- Stress
- Older age
- Chronic kidney disease
- Adrenal or thyroid disorders
- Pain
- Sleep apnea
- Genetics
- Family history of high blood pressure
- Illegal drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamines
- Certain medications such as birth control pills, cold remedies, and decongestants
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