Compiling Quantum Circuits For Dynamically Field-Programmable Neutral Atoms Array Processors

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Daniel Bochen Tan¹, Dolev Bluvstein², Mikhail D. Lukin², and Jason Cong¹

¹Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
²Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138

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Abstract

Dynamically field-programmable qubit arrays (DPQA) have recently emerged as a promising platform for quantum information processing. In DPQA, atomic qubits are selectively loaded into arrays of optical traps that can be reconfigured during the computation itself. Leveraging qubit transport and parallel, entangling quantum operations, different pairs of qubits, even those initially far away, can be entangled at different stages of the quantum program execution. Such reconfigurability and non-local connectivity present new challenges for compilation, especially in the layout synthesis step which places and routes the qubits and schedules the gates. In this paper, we consider a DPQA architecture that contains multiple arrays and supports 2D array movements, representing cutting-edge experimental platforms. Within this architecture, we discretize the state space and formulate layout synthesis as a satisfiability modulo theories problem, which can be solved by existing solvers optimally in terms of circuit depth. For a set of benchmark circuits generated by random graphs with complex connectivities, our compiler OLSQ-DPQA reduces the number of two-qubit entangling gates on small problem instances by 1.7x compared to optimal compilation results on a fixed planar architecture. To further improve scalability and practicality of the method, we introduce a greedy heuristic inspired by the iterative peeling approach in classical integrated circuit routing. Using a hybrid approach that combined the greedy and optimal methods, we demonstrate that our DPQA-based compiled circuits feature reduced scaling overhead compared to a grid fixed architecture, resulting in 5.1X less two-qubit gates for 90 qubit quantum circuits. These methods enable programmable, complex quantum circuits with neutral atom quantum computers, as well as informing both future compilers and future hardware choices.

Featured image: Compiling quantum circuits to reconfigurable neutral atom arrays. Qubits are moved between stages of Rydberg two-qubit gates.

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Popular summary

Neutral atom arrays are gaining popularity as a platform for quantum computing because of the large number of qubits, high-fidelity operations, and long coherence. A unique feature of these arrays is the ability to change the coupling between qubits by physically moving them around. To run quantum circuits to this reconfigurable architecture, our compiler places qubits to specific positions and routes their movements through various stages of operation. In this paper, we systematically present the design space and constraints in such compilation. We also provide an open-source compiler that not only tackles these challenges but can generate animations of how qubits move.

► BibTeX data

@article{Tan2024compilingquantum, doi = {10.22331/q-2024-03-14-1281}, url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-03-14-1281}, title = {Compiling {Q}uantum {C}ircuits for {D}ynamically {F}ield-{P}rogrammable {N}eutral {A}toms {A}rray {P}rocessors}, author = {Tan, Daniel Bochen and Bluvstein, Dolev and Lukin, Mikhail D. and Cong, Jason}, journal = {{Quantum}}, issn = {2521-327X}, publisher = {{Verein zur F{“{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}}, volume = {8}, pages = {1281}, month = mar, year = {2024} }

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Cited by

[1] Dolev Bluvstein, Simon J. Evered, Alexandra A. Geim, Sophie H. Li, Hengyun Zhou, Tom Manovitz, Sepehr Ebadi, Madelyn Cain, Marcin Kalinowski, Dominik Hangleiter, J. Pablo Bonilla Ataides, Nishad Maskara, Iris Cong, Xun Gao, Pedro Sales Rodriguez, Thomas Karolyshyn, Giulia Semeghini, Michael J. Gullans, Markus Greiner, Vladan Vuletić, and Mikhail D. Lukin, “Logical quantum processor based on reconfigurable atom arrays”, Nature 626 7997, 58 (2024).

[2] Daniel Bochen Tan, Shuohao Ping, and Jason Cong, “Depth-Optimal Addressing of 2D Qubit Array with 1D Controls Based on Exact Binary Matrix Factorization”, arXiv:2401.13807, (2024).

[3] Ludwig Schmid, David F. Locher, Manuel Rispler, Sebastian Blatt, Johannes Zeiher, Markus Müller, and Robert Wille, “Computational Capabilities and Compiler Development for Neutral Atom Quantum Processors: Connecting Tool Developers and Hardware Experts”, arXiv:2309.08656, (2023).

[4] Hanrui Wang, Bochen Tan, Pengyu Liu, Yilian Liu, Jiaqi Gu, Jason Cong, and Song Han, “Q-Pilot: Field Programmable Quantum Array Compilation with Flying Ancillas”, arXiv:2311.16190, (2023).

[5] Joshua Viszlai, Willers Yang, Sophia Fuhui Lin, Junyu Liu, Natalia Nottingham, Jonathan M. Baker, and Frederic T. Chong, “Matching Generalized-Bicycle Codes to Neutral Atoms for Low-Overhead Fault-Tolerance”, arXiv:2311.16980, (2023).

[6] Ludwig Schmid, Sunghye Park, Seokhyeong Kang, and Robert Wille, “Hybrid Circuit Mapping: Leveraging the Full Spectrum of Computational Capabilities of Neutral Atom Quantum Computers”, arXiv:2311.14164, (2023).

The above citations are from SAO/NASA ADS (last updated successfully 2024-03-15 11:10:59). The list may be incomplete as not all publishers provide suitable and complete citation data.

On Crossref’s cited-by service no data on citing works was found (last attempt 2024-03-15 11:10:57).

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Source: https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-03-14-1281/

Time Stamp: March 14, 2024

Time Stamp: Sep 7, 2023

Compiling Quantum Circuits for Dynamically Field-Programmable Neutral Atoms Array Processors

Republished By Plato

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