Magic of quantum hypergraph states

Magic of quantum hypergraph states

Source Node: 2579714

Junjie Chen1, Yuxuan Yan1, and You Zhou2,3

1Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
3Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China

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Abstract

Magic, or nonstabilizerness, characterizes the deviation of a quantum state from the set of stabilizer states, playing a fundamental role in quantum state complexity and universal fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, analytical and numerical characterizations of magic are very challenging, especially for multi-qubit systems, even with a moderate qubit number. Here, we systemically and analytically investigate the magic resource of archetypal multipartite quantum states—quantum hypergraph states, which can be generated by multi-qubit controlled-phase gates encoded by hypergraphs. We first derive the magic formula in terms of the stabilizer Rényi-$alpha$ entropies for general quantum hypergraph states. If the average degree of the corresponding hypergraph is constant, we show that magic cannot reach the maximal value, i.e., the number of qubits $n$. Then, we investigate the statistical behaviors of random hypergraph states’ magic and prove a concentration result, indicating that random hypergraph states typically reach the maximum magic. This also suggests an efficient way to generate maximal magic states with random diagonal circuits. Finally, we study hypergraph states with permutation symmetry, such as $3$-complete hypergraph states, where any three vertices are connected by a hyperedge. Counterintuitively, such states can only possess constant or even exponentially small magic for $alphageq 2$. Our study advances the understanding of multipartite quantum magic and could lead to applications in quantum computing and quantum many-body physics.

Talk on Quantum Resources 2023:

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In quantum information processing, a kind of quantum state known as hypergraph state holds promise for new quantum technologies. Quantum hypergraph states have intricate structures formed by linking multiple qubits in a way that goes beyond traditional pair-wise connections. This complex connectivity allows these states to possess ‘magic’, a unique property that makes them invaluable for quantum computing. Magic, in quantum terms, refers to a state’s ability to perform computations that are otherwise impossible with classical systems, pushing the boundaries of quantum computing.

In this work, we have developed new methods to analyze the magic in these states, shedding light on their potential applications. A noteworthy contribution of our study is the magic formula for stabilizer Renyi entropies for general quantum hypergraph states. According to it, we prove that the magic cannot reach the maximal value if the average degree of the corresponding hypergraph is constant. We also discovered that when these hypergraph states are randomly generated, they typically exhibit maximum magic, making them potential candidates for quantum computational tasks. Additionally, we explored states with specific symmetries and found intriguing patterns in their magical properties.

As outlined in our conclusion and outlook, our research results not only advance the understanding of multipartite quantum magic but also hint at potential applications in quantum computing and quantum many-body physics.

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[2] Xhek Turkeshi, Anatoly Dymarsky, and Piotr Sierant, “Pauli Spectrum and Magic of Typical Quantum Many-Body States”, arXiv:2312.11631, (2023).

[3] Andi Gu, Lorenzo Leone, Soumik Ghosh, Jens Eisert, Susanne Yelin, and Yihui Quek, “A little magic means a lot”, arXiv:2308.16228, (2023).

[4] Poetri Sonya Tarabunga and Claudio Castelnovo, “Magic in generalized Rokhsar-Kivelson wavefunctions”, arXiv:2311.08463, (2023).

[5] Tobias Haug, Soovin Lee, and M. S. Kim, “Efficient quantum algorithms for stabilizer entropies”, arXiv:2305.19152, (2023).

[6] Guanyu Zhu, Shehryar Sikander, Elia Portnoy, Andrew W. Cross, and Benjamin J. Brown, “Non-Clifford and parallelizable fault-tolerant logical gates on constant and almost-constant rate homological quantum LDPC codes via higher symmetries”, arXiv:2310.16982, (2023).

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[9] Xingjian Zhang, Zhaokai Pan, and Guoding Liu, “Unconditional quantum MAGIC advantage in shallow circuit computation”, arXiv:2402.12246, (2024).

[10] Zijian Song and Guanyu Zhu, “Magic Boundaries of 3D Color Codes”, arXiv:2404.05033, (2024).

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