Pop-Up Keyboard Injects Liquid Into Your Screen To Create Tactile Buttons

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Because screens and smartphones LOVE getting rid of buttons, we’ll need better haptics in the future. This paper from Carnegie Mellon University looks into liquid injected screens to bring up buttons as needed.

From the abstract:

Flat touch interfaces, with or without screens, pervade the modern world. However, their haptic feedback is minimal, prompting much research into haptic and shape-changing display technologies which are self-contained, fast acting, and offer millimeters of displacement while only being only millimeters thick. We present a new, miniaturizable type of shape-changing display using embedded electroosmotic pumps (EEOPs). Our pumps, controlled and powered directly by applied voltage, are 1.5mm in thickness, and
allow complete stackups under 5mm. Nonetheless, they can move their entire volume’s worth of fluid in 1 second, and generate pressures of +/-50kPa, enough to create dynamic, millimeter-scale tactile features on a surface that can withstand typical interaction forces

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• Source: https://blog.adafruit.com/2023/04/29/pop-up-keyboard-injects-liquid-into-your-screen-to-create-tactile-buttons/